Why is there more matter than anti-matter because the Big Bang, which describes the emergence of the present universe from an ultra dense and high temperature, should have created equal amounts of matter and anti-matter. But we find that there is more matter present in this universe in comparison to anti-matter. There are miniscule amounts of anti-matter found in the universe, there’s some made by natural processes : example the radioactive decay of potassium in bananas, and some that’s generated by artificial processes inside particles colliders like the Large Hadron Collider or inside PET scans. The answer to this CP violation or asymmetry between matter and anti-matter may be due to q balls.
Q balls are theoretical “lumps” that contain their own matter-antimatter asymmetry, therefore within each Q ball there would exist unequal portions of matter and anti-matter, which share the same mass as their matter counterparts, but qualities such as electric charge are opposite. These bizarre energy lumps ( q balls) should have formed mere fractions of a second after the Big Bang, prior the universe inflating rapidly like a balloon. The asymmetry of matter and anti-matter within q balls might explain why matter predominates this visible universe, because if Q balls had an equal amount of matter and anti-matter, they would have released equal amounts of matter and anti-matter after interacting with other q balls and popping and an equal amount of matter and anti-matter would be disastrous, we wouldn’t be here and anything else made of matter because when matter and anti-matter meet, they annihilate each other leaving only energy behind. The asymmetry is so small that only one extra particle of matter was produced every time ten billion particles of anti-matter were produced.As q balls popped they would release more matter than its counterpart and — produce sound waves which would act as a source for the ripples in space-time known as gravitational waves. And it’s stated if the aforementioned gravitational waves exist, we can measure them here on Earth using detectors such as NASA’s Laser Interferometer Space Array ( LISA( and the underground Einstein Telescope.
“We argue that very often these blobs of field known as Q-balls stick around for some time. These Q-balls dilute slower than the background soup of radiation as the Universe expands until, eventually, most of the energy in the Universe is in these blobs. In the meantime, slight fluctuations in the density of the soup of radiation start to grow when these blobs dominate. When the Q-balls decay, their decay is so sudden and rapid that the fluctuations in the plasma become violent soundwaves which leads to spectacular ripples in space and time, known as gravitational waves, that could be detected over the next few decades. The beauty of looking for gravitational waves is that the Universe is completely transparent to gravitational waves all the way back to the beginning,” said lead author Graham White, a physicist at the Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe.
Sources:
https://home.cern/science/physics/matter-antimatter-asymmetry-problem
